Diabetes is defined as

Diabetes is defined as

• A. A viral infection of the liver.
• B. A metabolic disease caused by insufficient insulin leading to elevated glucose.
• C. A chronic autoimmune disease affecting joints.
• D. A metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood.

Answer: (D)

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where blood glucose stays high because insulin isn’t working properly or isn’t available in enough amount. Insulin’s job is to help glucose enter cells and lower blood sugar, so when the body can’t produce insulin or can’t use it effectively, glucose accumulates in the blood. The first option describes a liver infection, which is unrelated to diabetes. The third option points to an autoimmune joint disease, not a metabolic condition affecting blood sugar. The second option is close in saying that insufficient insulin leads to high glucose, but it doesn’t account for cases where insulin action is impaired rather than production alone. The last option best captures the essential idea: a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated blood glucose. This covers the major forms of diabetes, from little or no insulin to insufficient insulin effect.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where blood glucose stays high because insulin isn’t working properly or isn’t available in enough amount. Insulin’s job is to help glucose enter cells and lower blood sugar, so when the body can’t produce insulin or can’t use it effectively, glucose accumulates in the blood.

The first option describes a liver infection, which is unrelated to diabetes. The third option points to an autoimmune joint disease, not a metabolic condition affecting blood sugar. The second option is close in saying that insufficient insulin leads to high glucose, but it doesn’t account for cases where insulin action is impaired rather than production alone. The last option best captures the essential idea: a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated blood glucose. This covers the major forms of diabetes, from little or no insulin to insufficient insulin effect.